行政确认司法救济的域外观察与启示

　　在现代行政管理活动中，行政确认是一种重要的手段。行政机关的确认行为公示和确认行政相对人的权利义务，稳定法律关系，降低交易成本，更好的保护行政相对人的合法利益；规范社会秩序，便于行政机关科学化管理；书面记载信息，为法院的司法审判提供客观事实依据，在现实生活中发挥着预防和化解纠纷的作用。但在我国，“行政确认”一直以来是以学术词汇而存在，直到 2004 年《案由通知》中，行政确认的法律性质第一次以正式官方文件的形式得到认可，将行政确认列为与行政处罚等行为性质相同的具体行政行为。2014 年《行政诉讼法》修改，第一次将自然资源权属的行政确认归入行政诉讼的受案范围。目前，行政确认已经成为一种几乎覆盖所有行政领域的行政行为种类，而我国的行政也在逐步由命令性行政向形成性行政和确认性行政过渡。可见，随着社会发展和行政法理论的不断完善，行政确认行为势必会获得实务界和理论界的重视。虽然修改后的《行政诉讼法》扩大了司法审查的范围，但实务中对行政确认如何操作才是关键，因此对行政确认行为的系统化研究将会是未来的一项重大课题。本文尝试对现有理论成果的归纳、法律规范的总结、案例分析以及域外国家和地区经验借鉴的基础上，探讨我国行政确认司法救济的现状及特色，并对其未来的走向和发展提出个人拙见，以期对我国行政确认的完善起到抛砖引玉的作用。

　　全文分为四个部分。第一部分理论梳理，对目前教科书以及学者们对行政确认基本概念的认识进行归纳整理，确定行政确认行为的概念、性质等问题。第二部分以指导案例和公报案例为线索，就我国司法审判中的行政确认类案件的类型进行归纳与分析，梳理当前我国行政确认的司法救济现状。第三部分叙述了行政确认行为在其他国家和地区是怎么界定的，简要梳理域外国家（地区）对类似行政确认的司法救济，寻找出对我国有借鉴意义的部分，作为完善我国行政确认司法救济的参考。第四部分结合域外经验与我国实践，探讨我国行政确认司法救济的发展趋势。

　　关键词：行政确认；司法审查；受案范围

　　Abstract

　　In modern administrative activities, administrative confirmation is an importantmeansThe confirmation behavior of the administrative organs is publicized and therights and obligations of the administrative counterpart are confirmed, the legalrelationship is stabilized, the transaction cost is reduced, and the legitimate interests ofthe administrative counterpart are better protected;Standardizing the social order andfacilitating the scientific management of administrative organs;Record theinformation in writing, provide the objective factual basis for the judicial trial of thecourt, and play a role in preventing and resolving disputes in real lifeHowever, in ourcountry, "administrative confirmation" has always existed as an academic term Until2004, when the Supreme people's Court's Circular on standardizing Administrativecases and cases classified it into specific administrative acts, Then gradually get theapproval of the relevant state organsThe Administrative Procedure Law of 2014 wasamended to include for the first time administrative recognition of ownership ofnatural resources within the scope of the administrative proceedingsAt present,administrative confirmation has become a kind of administrative behavior that coversalmost all administrative fields, and the administration of our country is graduallychanging from ordered administration to formative administration and confirmedadministrationAlthough the scope of judicial review is enlarge by the revisedAdministrative Procedure Law, but how to operate the administrative confirmation inthe judicial practice is the key, so the systematic research on the administrativeconfirmation behavior will be an important subject in the future This paper attemptsto discuss the relevant theories and judicial practice of our country's administrativeconfirmation by summarizing the existing theoretical achievements and the existinglaws and regulations, as well as using the extraterritorial experience

　　The full text is divided into four partsThe first part briefly combs the basictheoretical problems of administrative confirmation and clarifies the concept ofadministrative confirmation In the second part, the author classifies the cases ofadministrative confirmation in our country's judicial trial, and combs the presentsituation and characteristics of judicial relief of administrative confirmation inour country The third part describes how the administrative confirmation act isdefined in the overseas, and finds out the content that has great significancefor reference to the practice operation of our country Summarize and organize andadopt The fourth part combines the extraterritorial experience with our country'spractice, sums up the trial type, examination mode and degree of the administrativeconfirmation cases in our country, and puts forward some suggestions on perfectingthe judicial remedy of theAdministrative Confirmation act in our country

　　Keywords: AdministrativeAction;AdministrativeAffirmation; Judicial Review

　　目录

　　一、行政确认概述

　　（一）行政确认的概念、特点及性质

　　1、行政确认的概念

Tags： 行政确认  司法审查  受案范围 

转载声明：本站原创内容，未经授权禁止转载。