行政公益诉讼原告资格多元化体系构建分析

　　摘 要

　　
　　近年来，我国在行政公益诉讼领域已经进行了有益探索，并且取得了突破性的进展。2017 年首次通过诉讼法的形式将检察机关的行政公益诉讼原告主体资格确定下来。
　　
　　但是，这仍然无法满足社会的需求。随着社会公益受到广泛和深切的关注，大量的的行政公益诉讼案件表明，我们应该开始考虑扩大原告资格的必要性，本文将分为四部分对此进行阐述：
　　
　　首先，本文以理论为出发点，阐述了行政公益诉讼原告资格的相关内容。首先阐述了“行政公益诉讼原告是什么”这一问题，并追溯了行政公益诉讼原告资格的理论渊源，结合国外的先进立法经验，总结出行政公益诉讼原告资格的演变历程。实践决定认识，认识也反作用于实践，实践中人们对公共利益维护的诉求推动了行政公益诉讼的理论深入发展。同时对支撑理论演变的认识论基础也进行了阐述。
　　
　　其次，着手对三元化的模式进行论述。以对比的形式，对一元化模式和二元化模式的基本概念以及其适用价值进行介绍和评析，并由此引出笔者提倡的行政公益诉讼原告资格三元化模式的构建。在这一部分当中笔者对三元化模式的概念进行阐述，并分析出在我国构建行政公益诉讼原告资格三元化模式对我国相关制度的建设有哪些重要价值。

　　
　　再次，对行政公益诉讼原告资格三元化模式的构建问题作出进一步的阐述，相比于域外国家的立法，我国的立法存在一定的不足，在这一部分当中，笔者以英美法系和大陆法系中为分析对象，对行政公益诉讼原告资格的制度构建进行借鉴性的分析，并归纳总结出值得借鉴的经验，以期对构建我国的行政公益诉讼原告资格三元化模式贡献一份自己的力量。
　　
　　最后，笔者对我国当前行政公益诉讼制度的基础及其适用现状进行了分析，包括立法上的基础以及实践中的现状，进而提出在我国构建行政公益诉讼三元化模式的具体举措。首先，明确受案范围，这是法院接受原告提出的司法救济之基础；其次，为三元化的原告具体类型及其认定的标准问题提出设想，以期解决当前的立法规定中原告资格单一的问题；最后，以举证责任等内容为例提出关于完善审理程序方面的建议。
　　
　　本文认为，我国在构建行政公益诉讼原告资格三元化模式方面奠定了坚实的理论基础，即宪法和行政诉讼法的支撑；而且，司法实践的的发展也提出了对理论指引的需求，虽然我国不以判例法作为法律渊源，但司法实践对立法也有一定的反作用，在我国构建该制度具有必要性和可行性，也更具有深刻的价值和意义。
　　
　　关键词：  行政公益诉讼，三元化模式，公共利益，原告资格。
　　

　　Abstract

　　
　　In recent years, China has made beneficial exploration in the field of the administrative public interest litigation, and has made breakthrough progress.The administrative public interest litigation of the procuratorialorgan was determined in the form of procedural law for the first time in 2017.Plaintiff qualifications.However, this still cannot meet the needs of society.With the public interest being widely and deeply concerned, more and more cases of administrative public interest litigation are making clear that we should begin to consider the need to expand the plaintiff qualifications.
　　
　　The article is divided into four parts.Details are as follows:
　　
　　first, the author based on the theory, the administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification theory. Firstly expounds what’s administrative public interest litigation the plaintiff,and trace the theory origin of administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification,combined with foreign advanced legislation experience, summed up the evolution of administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification. The practice decides to know, and the knowledge is also counterproductive to practice. In practice, people's demands for the maintenance of public interest promote the development of the theory of administrative public interest litigation. At the same time, the epistemological foundation of the evolution of supporting theory is expounded.
　　
　　Secondly, this paper discusses the model of ternalization. In the form of contrast, the unified mode and normalize the basic concepts, and introduces its applicable value and evaluation, and raises the author advocates the administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification of the ternary model building. In this part, the author elaborates on the concept of ternary model, and analyzes the important value embodiment of the trimester model for theconstruction of administrative public interest litigation in China.
　　
　　Again, elaborated the administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification of the ternary model build, compared to countries outside of there exist certain disadvantages to the legislation of our country's legislation, in this part, the author in the Anglo-American law system and continental law system as the analysis object, system construction of administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification helps for analysis, and the total experience worthy of learning, in order to build our country's administrative public interest litigation plaintiff qualification of the ternary model contributes an own strength.
　　
　　Finally, the author analyzes the basis and application of the current administrative public interest litigation system in China, including the basis of legislation and the current situation in practice. Then it puts forward the concrete measures to construct the three - dimensional model of administrative public interest litigation in China. First of all, the scope of the case is clear,which is the basis for the court to accept the judicial remedy offered by the plaintiff; Secondly,the specific type of the plaintiff and the standard problem of the identification of the plaintiff are solved, and the single issue of the plaintiff qualification in the current legislation is solved. In the end, the author puts forward some Suggestions on how to improve the trial procedure.
　　
　　In this paper, it is believed that there is a rich theoretical basis for the construction of the three-element model of the plaintiff qualification in administrative public interest litigation,namely the support of the constitution and administrative procedural law. At the same time, the judicial practice of the development put forward the demand for theoretical guidance, although not with case law as the origin in China, but also to have certain reaction of lawmaking, judicial practice is feasible and necessary to build the system in our country, more profound value and significance.
　　
　　Key Words：   Administrative Public Interest Iitigation, Ternary model, The Public Interest, The Plaintiff Qualifications。
　　

Tags： 体系  近年  诉讼  分析  资格  构建  行政  多元化  公益  原告 

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