自媒体言论自由与其他权利的冲突研究

　　摘 要

　　
　　言论自由是公民基本权利，也是现代民主国家认可的宪法原则。其重要性不言而喻。几百年来，人们对言论自由的追求从未停止。在理论界和实务界的共同努力下，各国对言论自由的保护和限制趋于成熟。但是，随着新技术的发展，自媒体时代的到来打破了这一平衡。自媒体为公众提供了更方便的沟通平台，为言论自由提供了新的实现途径。言论自由得到极大解放的同时，言论自由滥用也成为新的问题。自媒体言论自由与其他权利的冲突频频发生。正是在这样的背景下，研究自媒体言论自由与其他权利的冲突，探索解决冲突的途径和方法，具有重大的理论和现实意义。
　　
　　本论文第一章分为两个部分。第一部分介绍了言论自由，着力于探讨言论自由的含义、历史沿革和价值属性。第二部分介绍了自媒体的定义以及特点，探讨了自媒体言论自由的新特点。

　　
　　第二章分析了自媒体言论自由与其他权利的冲突。为了多方面展示言论自由与其他权利的冲突，本文选取了自媒体平台上常见的自媒体言论自由与隐私权、名誉权、公共利益的冲突。在分析自媒体言论自由与隐私权的冲突时，具体分析了自媒体时代隐私权的新特点并阐述了冲突的具体表现。关于自媒体言论自由与公共利益的冲突，本文分为自媒体言论自由与国家安全的冲突和自媒体言论自由与公序良俗的冲突两部分进行阐述。
　　
　　第三章介绍了权利冲突的一般法律解决方式。通过对权利冲突原因的分析，肯定了权利冲突的必然性，也确认了权利冲突的法律解决方式为厘清权利边界。并探讨了立法和司法在厘清权利边界时的优劣，阐述了平衡权利冲突的方式，即位阶衡量、利益衡量和权利谦抑。
　　
　　第四章阐述了自媒体言论自由与其他权利冲突的解决方案。在法律解决方式上，结合上文对权利冲突法律解决方法的分析与自媒体言论自身的特殊性质，选择了以利益衡量为主权利谦抑为辅的模式厘清自媒体言论自由边界。在原则的选择上，将公共利益原则和公言论和私言论相区分原则作为平衡自媒体言论自由与私权利冲突的指导原则，将最小限制原则、明显且即刻的危险原则、禁止事前抑制原则作为平衡自媒体言论自由与公共利益冲突的指导原则。介绍了自媒体言论自由的多元治理手段：利用言论可抵消性，采用技术手段，依靠行业自律。
　　
　　关键词：  言论自由，自媒体，权利冲突。
　　

　　Abstract

　　
　　Freedom of speech is one of the fundamental rights of citizens and a constitutional principle recognized by modern democratic countries. Its importance is self-evident. For centuries, people's pursuit of freedom of speech has never stopped. With the joint efforts of theorists and practitioners, the protection and restriction of freedom of speech have become mature.However, with the development of new technologies, the arrival of the self-media era has broken the balance.Self-media provides a more convenient communication platform for the public and provides a new way for free speech. While the freedom of speech has been greatly liberated, the abuse of freedom of speech has become a new problem. The conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and other rights has frequently occurred. It is in this context that it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and other rights and explore ways and means of resolving conflicts.
　　
　　The first chapter of this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part introduces freedom of speech,focusing on the meaning, history, and value of freedom of speech. The second part introduces the definition and characteristics of self-media and discusses the new features of freedom of speech in self-media.
　　
　　The second chapter analyzes the conflict between other rights and freedom of speech in self-media. In order to demonstrate the conflict between freedom of speech and other rights in various aspects, this paper selects the conflicts of freedom of speech and right of privacy, right of reputation and public interest which are common in the self-media. When analyzing the conflict between freedom of speech and right of privacy, the paper analyzes the newcharacteristics of privacy right in the era of self-media and elaborates the concrete manifestations of conflicts.The conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and public interest is divided into two parts: the conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and national security and the conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and public order and moral.
　　
　　The third chapter introduces the general legal solution to rights conflicts.Through the analysis of the cause of the conflict of rights, the inevitability of the conflict of rights is affirmed,and the legal solution of the conflict of rights is confirmed to clarify the boundary of rights. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the legislation and the judicature in clarifying the boundary of rights, and elaborates the methods of balancing rights conflicts,namely, the measurement of ranks, the measurement of interests, and the modesty of rights.
　　
　　Chapter IV describes the solution to the conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and other rights. On legal solutions,combining the analysis of the legal solution to the conflict of rights and the special nature of the self-media speech itself, we chose the measurement of interests and the modesty of rights to clarify the boundary of freedom of speech in self-media.In the selection of principles, the principle of public interest and the principle of distinguishing between public speech and private speech are used as the guiding principle for resolving the conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and private rights. The principle of minimum limitation,clear and present danger principle and the principle of prohibiting prior restrictions are used as the guiding principle for resolving the conflict between freedom of speech in self-media and public interest.This paper introduces the multivariate governance means of free speech in self-media: speech, technical means, and industry self-discipline.
　　
　　Key Words：  Freedom of speech，Self-media，Right conflicts。
　　

Tags： 言论自由  权利冲突  自媒体 

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